Most Native Americans live in small towns or rural areas. Today, there are over five million Native Americans in the United States, 78% of whom live outside reservations: California, Arizona and Oklahoma have the largest populations of Native Americans in the United States.
Since the 1960s, Native American self-determination movements have resulted in positive changes to the lives of many Native Americans, though there are still many contemporary issues faced by them. After its formation, the United States, as part of its policy of settler colonialism, continued to wage war and perpetrated massacres against many Native American peoples, removed them from their ancestral lands, and subjected them to one-sided treaties and to discriminatory government policies, later focused on forced assimilation, into the 20th century. European colonization of the Americas, which began in 1492, resulted in a precipitous decline in Native American population because of new diseases, wars, ethnic cleansing, and enslavement. A vast variety of peoples, societies and cultures subsequently developed. The ancestors of living Native Americans arrived in what is now the United States at least 15,000 years ago, possibly much earlier, from Asia via Beringia. The US Census groups these peoples as " Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander". Indigenous peoples of the United States who are not American Indian or Alaska Native include Native Hawaiians, Samoans, and Chamorros. "Native Americans" (as defined by the United States Census) are indigenous tribes that are originally from the contiguous United States, along with Alaska Natives. There are 574 federally recognized tribes living within the US, about half of which are associated with Indian reservations. Native Americans, also known as First Americans, Indigenous Americans, American Indians, and other terms, are the indigenous peoples of the United States, including Hawaii and territories of the United States, and other times limited to the mainland. Comanche Indians Chasing Buffalo with Lances and Bows, by George Catlin
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